Camp-oven.



Patented Sept. 15, 1908. 1 a sums-sneer 1.

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W. H. HART.

CAMP OVEN.

' APPLICATION FILED JUNE 20, 1908. 898,641 Patented Sept. 15, 1908.

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CAMP OVEN.

APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 20, 1908.

t ted Sept 15, 1908.

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' Y awe/Mk0; wwwaoqeo- M attozuu o UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM H. HART, OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO' HARRY B.

i LEARY, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

CAME-OVEN.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 15, 1908.

i To all whom may concern:

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM H. HART, major, United States Army, stationed at Washington, in the District of. Columbia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Camp-Ovens, of which the following is a specification. I

The resent invention is a portable oven which is adapted generally for outdoor use and particularly for baking bread or other foods in large quantities for military encampments.

The preferred form of the invention embodies an oven which can be taken apart andpacked in small space for trans ortation. All parts of the oven are light an portable and if desired the oven can be easily transported without taking it apart. It will however be evident that for the particular pur poses to which this oven is designed, its adaptability for beingv disconnected and packed in small space is quite important.

The invention will be described in connection with the accompanying drawing, in

. which,

Figure 1 is a front view of the improved oven, the ground upon' which it restsv being shown in section on a vertical plane just in front of the oven; Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section on the line 2 of Fig. 1 the earth covering of'zthe oven being omitted; Fig. 3 is a plan view, parts of the upper and lower top plates beingbroken away 3- Fig. 4 is a detail showing a form of latch for connecting the sides of the oven; Fig. 5 is a section on the line 5 of Fig. 2; Fig.6 is adetail showing the supports for the bottom of the oven; Fig. 7 1s a section on the line 7 of Fig.2.

The oven forming the subject of this invention is adapted to sit directly upon the ground and is not provided with any of the features of a stove excepting that a draft door is preferably used to control the draft. A shallow o ening in the earth about as wide and as longas theoven, anddeep enough to contain the fuel, serves the purpose of a stove for producing the necessary heat and the oven rests directly upon the ground at the margin of this opening. The oven is arranged so that the heat from the fire passes upwards through hollow walls at the sides,-

back and front and across the top to one or more chimney openings or outlets for the gases.

The entire inner wall of the oven, top, bot' 'tom and sides, with the exception of the space for the oven'doors, is protected from uneven heating, preferably y a filling or covering of earth or sand, which can be readily obtained, and the walls of the oven are thus uniformly heated, as is necessary for even baking.

Referring to the drawing, 10 indicates the surface of the earth and 11 a fire pit or shallow excavation conforming in area to the area of the bottom of the oven. The lower edges of the outer walls of the oven are preferably provided with flanges 12 adapted to rest on the edges of the pit and thus support the oven upon the surface of the earth.

The side walls A and rear walls B of the oven are preferably constructed as illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3, referring to which 13 indicates an outer wall, 14 an intermediate Wall and 15 an inner wall. These walls are preferably constructed of sheet metal and they are spaced apart and connected togetherin any suitable manner. As shown particularly in Fig. 5, the walls'are spaced apart by tubes 16 and connectedby bolts 17 passing through the tubes. oven the outer, inner and intermediate walls are brought together and suitably connected, as shown at 18 in Figs. 3 and 5. Each of the sides of the oven and the back is thus an integral structure having an inclosed space 19 through which the hot gases circulate andv an inclosed space 20 which is preferably filled with earth, sand or other suitable non-combustible material adapted to prevent .over,

heating of the oven in s ots and cause the heat to be uniformly dlstributed over its walls. As shown in Fig. 2, the flue space-19 in the vertical walls is open at the bottom to the fire pit and open at the top to an interspace 21 in the to of the oven. The heat may thus pass up t rough the spaces 19 uni-x formly on the back and sides of the oven.

The front 0 of the oven is preferably provided with a series of doors 22 for convenient access to the interior shelves 23. These doors may be of any suitable construction and are provided with latches or fastenings for kee ing them closed while baking. On each si e of the doors the front wall C is constructed in the same manner as the side walls, as shown in Fig. 5, and the same reference figures have been applied. When assembled the edges of the various walls are detachably connected at the corners of the oven, by

At the corners of the some suitable means. As shown in the drawing, latches .24 are pivoted to the side walls and ada ted to engage pins 25 which are fixed on t e front and rear walls. The

ins 25 are referably connected to angle irons 26 whic are attached to the front and rear walls and overlap the ed es of the side Walls. By the construction s own the four sides of the oven can be securely connected vbya single latch at each corner.

The top of the oven consists of one or more outer plates 27 suitably stiffened by ribs 28 and provided with one or more flanged open-' ings 29 to which ordinary stove pipes'30 may be readilyconnected. The top plates 27 may be simply laid on the upper edges of the outer walls 13 or may be suitably supported on brackets or'flanges secured to said outer walls. The top is com osed of inner and outer Walls, the inner Wa 31 being com posed ofplates of suitable strength resting on the inner vertical walls 15, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The intermediate walls 14 are preferably higher than the inner walls and lower than the outer walls 13. The gases passing u through the flue spaces 19 are thus permitted to pass over the intermediate walls and over the top of the oven to the outlets 29. At the bottom of the oven the outer and intermediate walls extend referably to the surface of the ground while t e inner wall terminates at some distance above the surfour plates 32 rovided with stiffening flanges 33 and these p ates are detachably supported .upon flanges 34 connected to the intermediate walls 14, a bar 35 extending between the side walls, and 'bars 36 supported'at their inner ends by the bar 35 and at 'their outer ends by the front and rear wallsof the oven res ectively.

twill be understood that the fire pit 11 is closed on allsid'es by the earth, exce ting for a narrow opening at the front whic is referably closed by a suitable door 37 w fiich can. be readily'o ened or removed for the purpose of inserting fuel and which is provided with a suitable draft opening and damper 38' for regulating the draft. As shown, the door is sup orted in place by hooks 39 which engage t 1e lower edge-of the front of the oven.

' As shown particularly in Fig. 2, the inner wall of the to of the oven 31 is preferably covered with lbose earth or sand 40 to prevent it from becoming burned out or overheated. The spaces 20 in the side, rear and front walls, are preferably filled with a similar substance and the bottom 32 is similarly covered. A sufficient amount of earth or sand or other suitable material may be laced in the bottom to support the material 111 the side walls and thus a continuous wall of the material 40 is formed over the entire ,surface of the oven excepting only the space in front occupied-by the doors. The covering on the, bottom 32' is preferably deeper than over the other walls as the bottom is subjected to the direct heat of the fire.

It will be understood that asbestos or other fire resisting material may be substituted for the earth or sand above referred to but a covering of the latter material is preferred as it may be thrown away when the oven is to be transportedand replaced by new material of the same kind without expense when the oven is again set u In. some instances the oven might be use without any of the heat distributing material 40, the air in the spaces occupied by said material being relied upon, but the air is manifes'tly not so good, either to revent uneven heating or burning of the wa s as a covering of sand or similar material. 1

In order to revent radiation of heat from the outer wal s, the oven is preferably covered-on top, sides and back with earth or sand 41, as illustrated in Fig. 1. A considerable amount of material is used in this covering and radiation from the walls of the oven may thus be almost entirely prevented. This earth embankment also assists in holding the sides and ends of the oven securely in place and it closes all of the joints at the corners. It has been demonstrated that an oven built as illustrated and described herein can be set up in camp and thoroughly heated ready for baking in about two hours.

It will be evident that by omitting the earth covering from the top of the oven, the upper top plate can be used for cooking purposes, being then, in effect, the equivalent of the top of a stove.

It will be evident that this improved oven can be fired continuously and a second batch of bread laced in it as soon as the first is 110 baked. n other words, the oven is of maximum capacity and can'be used-to supply bread and do other cooking for a large number of men.

Having described my invention, what I 115 claim and desire to secure by Letters-Patent 1s,

1. A portable oven comprising an outer wall adapted to rest upon the ground at the margin of a fire pit, an intermediate wall sup- 120 ported by the outer wall, the space between said walls being adapted to receive and conduct the hot gases from the fire pit, an inner wall, a suitable bottom arranged over the fire pit, and a top having an interspace 125 through which the gases pass to a suitable outlet.

2. A portable oven comprising an outer wall adapted to rest upon the margin of a fire pit, an intermediate wall, a bottom sup- 130 ported by the intermediate wall, an inner wall, a lower top plate supported by the inner wall and an upper top late supported by the outer Wall and provi ed with a suitableoutlet, the hot gases being adapted to circulate from the fire it between the outer and intermediate wal s and between the upper and lower top plates to said outlet.

. 3. A portable oven comprising an outer wall adapted to rest upon the margin of a fire pit, an intermediate wall, abottom supported by the intermediate Wall, an inner wall, a lower top plate supported by the inner Wall, an upper top plate supported by the outer wall, and a protecting layer of heat distributing material extending over the lower top plate, between the innerand intermediate walls, and over the bottom.

4. A portable oven com rising detachable sides, front, back,'to and ottorn, the sides, front and. back eac having an outer wall adapted to rest upon the margin of a fire pit, an intermediate wall and an inner wall, the said walls being connected together at their vertical edges whereby separate heating flues are formed in the sides, back and front,

and means for detachably connecting the sides, back and front.

5. An oven comprl'smg side, front and rear walls detachably connected together and.

having flues for the passage of'hot gases therethrough and a top having-an interspace 1n communication with said flues in combi-' nation with a fire pit beneath said oven and upon the margin of which the oven rests, and a covering of earth or similar material over the sides, top and back of the oven, the said covering being adapted to retain the heat in the oven and close the joints thereof.

continuously over the. lower top plate, be-.

tween the inner and intermediate walls, and

over the bottom, whereby the heat passing from the fire pit upward through the flues between the intermediate and outer walls and between the lower and upper top plates 

